Free Ebook The Origins of Fairness How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature (Foundations of Human Interaction)

Download The Origins of Fairness How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature (Foundations of Human Interaction)

Download The Origins of Fairness How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature (Foundations of Human Interaction)

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In order to describe the logic of morality, "contractualist" philosophers have studied how individuals behave when they choose to follow their moral intuitions. These individuals, contractualists note, often act as if they have bargained and thus reached an agreement with others about how to distribute the benefits and burdens of mutual cooperation. Using this observation, such philosophers argue that the purpose of morality is to maximize the benefits of human interaction. The resulting "contract" analogy is both insightful and puzzling. On one hand, it captures the pattern of moral intuitions, thus answering questions about human cooperation: why do humans cooperate Why should the distribution of benefits be proportionate to each person's contribution Why should the punishment be proportionate to the crime Why should the rights be proportionate to the duties On the other hand, the analogy provides a mere as-if explanation for human cooperation, saying that cooperation is "as if" people have passed a contract-but since they didn't, why should it be so To evolutionary thinkers, the puzzle of the missing contract is immediately reminiscent of the puzzle of the missing "designer" of life-forms, a puzzle that Darwin's theory of natural selection essentially resolved. Evolutionary and contractualist theory originally intersected at the work of philosophers John Rawls and David Gauthier, who argued that moral judgments are based on a sense of fairness that has been naturally selected. In this book, Nicolas Baumard further explores the theory that morality was originally an adaptation to the biological market of cooperation, an arena in which individuals competed to be selected for cooperative interactions. In this environment, Baumard suggests, the best strategy was to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation in a fair way, so that those who offered less than others were left out of cooperation while those who offered more were exploited by their partners. It is with this evolutionary approach that Baumard ultimately accounts for the specific structure of human morality. Egalitarianism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 1 Preliminary Distinctions Egalitarianism is a contested concept in social and political thought One might care about human equality in many ways for many reasons Dan Sperber New homepage of the French cognitive and social scientist Dan Sperber with bio links and texts in English and French Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Wikipedia Jean-Jacques Rousseau (/ r u s o /; French: [ak uso]; 28 June 1712 2 July 1778) was a Francophone Genevan philosopher writer and composer of Human Knowledge: Foundations and Limits Why is there something rather than nothing? Might the world be an illusion or dream? What exists beyond the human senses? What happens after death? The origins of ethics - Utilitarian 'Ethics' by Peter Singer also called moral philosophy the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad right and wrong Compassion - Wikipedia Compassion is the response to the suffering of others that motivates a desire to help them Compassion motivates people to go out of their way to help the physical Kymatica Top Documentary Films Evolution is a term to define only one organism and that's the self The self is the universe the self is the alpha and omega god and infinity and that's the only SAMPLE CHAPTERS BY TITLE - Princeton University Press SAMPLE CHAPTERS BY TITLE We are pleased to provide you with introductory chapters from many of our recent books listed below Some files are in Adobe Acrobat PDF Atheism as nature worship or neo-paganism - creationcom 2 Atheism as nature worship or neo-paganism By nature worship and neo-paganism I refer to the atheists tendency to replace a sense of awe of God and Sterling Harwood FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: Set 1 Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) 1: For all courses how can I most easily use this website? For all classes the keys to easily
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